Lesson

大作文

  1. 议论类
  2. 报告类
  3. 混合类

议论类

观点类

  • To what extent do you agree or disagree
  • Discuss both views and give your own opinion

现象类

  • Advantage outweigh disadvantage
  • Positive or Negative

报告类

原因/影响/解决措施

混合类

一个议论类,一个报告类

开头

背景引入

In recent years, there has been a growing concern for workplace issues among the general population.

Recently, ... have/has already been a hot topic/issue among society.

In the modern age, the topic of whether题目中的事情
... has sparked considerable debate

题目改写

It is argued that

个人立场

Personally, I agree/disagree with the assertion.
completely/largely/partly

Practice - I

In the modern age, there has been a growing concern for environmental issues among the air pollution from cars or other vehicles.
It is argued that increasing the oil price to reduce use of private cars is the most effective way to solve the air pollution.
Personally, I agree with the assertion partly.

Practice - 2

  • 两个观点

Some people think schools should only teach students academic subjects. Others think schools should also teach students how to discriminate between right and wrong. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

  • Method - 1
    • People have different views about whether A or B.
    • Personally, I think/ stand for/ agree with the former/latter
  • Method - 2

In the modern age, there has been a growing concern for education issues among what should learn in school.
It is argued that schools should only teach students academic curriculum/ knowledge.

  • academic subjects
    teach student something for test

  • Distinguish between right and wrong
    tell right from wrong
    judicious
    moral judgement
    What is right and wrong

Practice - 3

In many countries, prison is the most common solution to the problem of crime. However, another effective way is to provide people with better education so that they cannot become criminals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?


Governments around the world, more often than not, give priority to imprisonment/confinement when curbing crimes, due to the deterrence and severity, whereas I believe better education, i.e. moral/legal education/job skill training can tackle the root of this issue.


  • put sb behind the bar 使某人入狱
  • better education = greater schooling
    =moral/legal education/job skill training

Practice - 4

Some people think that schools should select their pupils according to their academic ability. Others believe that young people with different abilities should be educated together. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.



分班

  • divide student into different class
  • stream

grades/score
academic performance/ aptitude

individual teaching/ equal education


Practice - 5

In some countries, the difference in age between parents and children is generally greater than it was in the past. Do you think advantages out weigh disadvantages?



生孩子晚

  • parents have their children late in life
  • adults are apt to delay their childbearing plan,lead to larger age gap between two generations

generation gap 代沟


Practice - 6

Many people believe that media coverage of celebrities is having a negative effect on children. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?





\


illegal and immoral
tax evasion/sex scandal


Practice - 7

Some people think governments should ban dangerous sports. Others, however, say people have the freedom to make their own decisions. Discuss both views and give your own opinion


In the modern age, there has been a growing concern for sports issues among whether dangerous sports should be banned.
It is argued that governments should ban dangerous sports for the sake of safety.
While others believe that people have the freedom to make their own decisions.
Personally, I think government should ban dangerous sports for the people that untrained.

立论段

Nowadays some older people choose to live in the retirement communities with other people rather than living with their adult children. Is it a positive or negative development?


主题词:

  • 老人:old people/the old / the elderly /the aged /senior citizens/elders/the old generation
  • 子女:Adult children/offspring/the younger generation
  • 养老社区:retirement community/old people’s home/nursing home/retirement home/assisted living facility/old folks’ home

话题词:
caregiver/ nursing staff
regular physical examination/check-up


立论两个,驳论一个观点


论证方法

因果推导/举例/比较/假设/引用/定义/总结

A-B-C-D

拆解
e.g. D 身体健康

  • 饮食/医疗/运动/环境

模板:
1个观点句+3-5句解释(50+)

For one thing, + 我方观点①

On the ground that+第一个逻辑链(句子),第二个逻辑链,so that+第三个逻辑链,which is conducive to/which will result in+第四个逻辑链(名词)

For another,+ 我方观点②:

On account of+第一个逻辑链(名词),第二个逻辑链,leading to the situation that+第三个逻辑链. And consequently,/ And as a result, +第四个逻辑链(句子)


There are specific medical equipment and nursing staff in the retirement communities,
which can provide the elderly with healthy diet, regular physical examination and timely medical treatment. Besides, when the elderly get sick or hurt, they can get timely help from the nursing staff.


身体健康

Equipped with

Not only will these caregivers provide ... in daily life,
but ... are also available in emergency.

as the adult children lead a busy life, they have no time to ...
a busy life as the adult children lead, they have no time to ...

心情愉悦
peers/contemporary
environment
activities
private room/independence
household duties


并列/平行

  • Not only will these caregivers provide...in daily life, but...are also available in emergency

倒装

  • as the adult children lead a busy life, they have no time to...
  • a busy life as the adult children lead, they have no time to...

强调

  • it is+被强调部分+that+剩余部分
    living in the nursing house is beneficial to their health
    it is living in the nursing house that is beneficial to their health

驳论段

Detailed reporting of crimes by media should be restricted. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

媒体播放犯罪细节应该被限制

视频/画面/图片/音频 text description

主题词
媒体播放犯罪细节应该被限制:(不播)

社会恐慌 social panic
audience 看到 一些比较严重/恶劣情节
例如血腥/暴力/食品安全, 会感到害怕,担心成为受害者

媒体为了吸引关注, audience rate
会大肆宣传/夸大 案件,群众也会相互评论/散播

犯罪率上升

对受害者和家人造成心理创伤
侵犯罪犯及其家人的合法权益

媒体播放犯罪细节应该不该被限制:(该播) 反方

  • 承认/让步
  • 不承认/驳论

有利于个人安全

  • 群众知晓其中犯罪手段,对类似的情节,场合,场所,群体有所防范,罪犯难以得手
    • 例如看完网络诈骗的案件,人们会注重隐私/个人信息(账号/密码/电话/身份/住址),不容易上当受骗
    • 反驳,潜在罪犯也会看到这些信息并改进/更新犯罪手段,并且群众只是将这些新闻当做日常消遣,不会放在心上

公众知情权
媒体获利
影响案件的解决/审理
mass opinion - 舆论 ---> judicial justice


切分对象:
群众(普通人(青少年),潜在罪犯),受害者,

群体特点分析:
性格:冲动
能力:心智不成熟,判断对错,法律/道德,模仿能力
背景:家庭(疏于管教/家暴),学校(霸凌/注重学习忽视道德)


驳论段:
格式:对方理由+我方反驳
要求:
1.确定好立场,要知道该写什么(立论段立场的对立面)
2.先写对方观点的中心句 + 论证过程(对方好的理由)
3.再写我方反驳(对方观点的漏洞/否定对方重要性)
驳斥方法:
一 看逻辑链条中哪一条不一定推得到下一条,那就是有问题的;二 如果是客观事实或者通俗的道理,说明上下逻辑之间没有明显的问题,那就否定对方观点的重要性或者措施的有效性。

写法

  • Admittedly, it seems true that+ 对方观点的中心句. It is mainly because+ 论证过程(对方好的理由)

  • However, this notion is incorrect/fallacious(用第一种方法驳斥时), ignoring the fact that + 驳斥理由。

  • Superficially,it is plausible to argue that + 对方观点的中心句.

  • The reason is that + 论证过程。

  • However, this notion is impractical/unrealistic (用第二种方法驳斥时), ignoring the fact that + 驳斥理由。

Admittedly, it seems true that the elderly living in the retirement community, the chance that they can see their adult children is less, leading to less communication and estrangement.
However, this notion is incorrect, although the elderly live in the retirement community, they still live in the same city as their adult children, and children can visit them frequently, or keep in touch through phone/social media. Moreover, living separately can reduce conflicts, and have their own freedom/space, which is beneficial to family relationship.